According to "War of Supermen" a blast strong enough to blow a small planet would kill any kryptonian nearby.
Goku can send such force bolts with one hand. Also, after sending such bolt Goku could simply teleport to other dimension to escape after-effect of explosion.
Real question is: Is Goku fast enough to hit Superman? I'm not sure what's Goku's max speed.
He isn't. Superman is millions of times faster then light, whereas Goku is only massively hypersonic.